Vowels of English

English encompasses 18 vowels:

			α:
â^u		â^ə	α:	a^ə		aⁱ
o^u	o	o^ə	ə:	e^ə	e	eⁱ
u^u	u	u^ə	ə:	i^ə	i	iⁱ

Pronunciation of the vowels of English

Disambiguate the 18 vowels of English by listening to the following words:


blur	blə:^r
blare	ble^ə^r


glower	glâ^ə^r
glare	gle^ə^r


near	ni^ə^r
nor	no^ə^r


squire	skwa^ə^r
square	skwe^ə^r


worn	wə:^rn
warn	wo^ə^rn


chilled	čilt
child	čaⁱlt


moored	mu^ə^rt
marred	mα:^rt


mush	mə:š
mash	mα:š


much	mə:č
match	mα:č


murk	mə:^rk
mark	mα:^rk


foam	fo^um
fame	feⁱm


firm	fə:^rm
form	fo^ə^rm


fierce	fi^ə^rs
force	fo^ə^rs


pierce	pi^ə^rs
purse	pə:^rs


push	puš
posh	poš


pork	po^ə^rk
park	pα:^rk


burk \| burke	bə:^rk
bark	bα:^rk


drift	drift
draft \| draught	drα:ft


creel	kriⁱl
crawl	kro^əl


breeze	briⁱs
bruise	bru^us


broth	broθ
breath	breθ


throat	θro^ut
threat	θret


rush	rə:š
rash	rα:š


drug	drə:k
drag	drα:k


flip	flip
flop	flop


plan	plα:n
plain \| plane	pleⁱn


flint	flint
flaunt	flo^ənt


lord	lo^ə^rd
lard	lα:^rd


lithe	laⁱθ
lathe	leⁱθ


leash	liⁱš
lash	lα:š


lurch	lə:^rč
larch	lα:^rč


lurk	lə:^rk
lark	lα:^rk


knife	naⁱf
knave	neⁱf


niche	niⁱš
gnash	nα:š


think	θiŋk
thank	θα:ŋk


thrill	θril
thrall	θro^əl


steam	stiⁱm
stem	stem


teeth	tiⁱθ
tooth	tu^uθ


teach	tiⁱč
touch	tə:č


stork	sto^ə^rk
stark	stα:^rk


dish	diš
dash	dα:š


ditch	dič
Dutch	də:č


dork	do^ə^rk
dark	dα:^rk


jam	ğα:m
gem	ğem


kiss	kis
case	keⁱs


curse	kə:^rs
coarse \| course	ko^ə^rs


quirt	kwə:^rt
quart	kwo^ə^rt


gouge	gâ^uč
gauge	geⁱč


hearse	hə:^rs
hoarse \| horse	ho^ə^rs


V	viⁱ
vie	vaⁱ
vow	vâ^u


three	θriⁱ
threw \| through \| thru	θru^u
throw	θro^u


grew	gru^u
grow	gro^u
gray \| grey	greⁱ


blew \| blue	blu^u
blow	blo^u
blah	blα:


clew \| clue	klu^u
claw	klo^ə
clay	kleⁱ


glee	gliⁱ
glue	glu^u
glow	glo^u


sneer	sni^ə^r
snore	sno^ə^r
snare	sne^ə^r


thigh	θaⁱ
thou	θâ^u
thaw	θo^ə


gear	gi^ə^r
gaur	gâ^ə^r
gore	go^ə^r


your \| you're	ju^ə^r
yore	jo^ə^r
year	je^ə^r


jeer	ği^ə^r
giaour	ğâ^ə^r
jar	ğα:^r


aunt	o^ənt
ant \| aren't	α:nt
ain't	eⁱnt


weird	wi^ə^rt
whirred \| word \| wort	wə:^rt
ward \| wart	wo^ə^rt


witch \| which	wič
watch	woč
wedge	weč


mime	maⁱm
mum	mə:m
maim	meⁱm


smile	smaⁱl
small	smo^əl
smell	smel


vine	vaⁱn
van	vα:n
vain \| vane \| vein	veⁱn


ping	piŋ
pong	poŋ
pang	pα:ŋ


dream	driⁱm
drum	drə:m
dram	drα:m


scream	skriⁱm
scrum	skrə:m
scram	skrα:m


strip	strip
stripe	straⁱp
strap	strα:p


grill	gril
growl	grâ^ul
grail	greⁱl


prune	pru^un
prone	pro^un
prawn	pro^ən


price	praⁱs
prowess	prâ^əs
press	pres


trice	traⁱs
truce	tru^us
trace	treⁱs


wreath	riⁱθ
wrath	roθ
wraith	reⁱθ


street	striⁱt
strut	strə:t
straight \| strait	streⁱt


shrewd	šru^ut
shroud	šrâ^ut
shred	šret


thrush	θrə:š
thrash	θrα:š
thresh	θreš


breach \| breech	briⁱč
bridge	brič
broach \| brooch	bro^uč


spring	spriŋ
sprung	sprə:ŋ
sprang	sprα:ŋ


climb	klaⁱm
clam	klα:m
claim	kleⁱm


glide	glaⁱt
glad	glα:t
glade	gleⁱt


blues	blu^us
blouse	blâ^us
blaze	bleⁱs


flush	flə:š
flash	flα:š
flesh	fleš


ling	liŋ
lung	lə:ŋ
long	loŋ


bleak	bliⁱk
block	blok
black	blα:k


numb	nə:m
gnome	no^um
name	neⁱm


niece	niⁱs
nice	naⁱs
knows \| nose	no^us


sneered	sni^ə^rt
snored	sno^ə^rt
snared	sne^ə^rt


seam \| seem	siⁱm
some \| sum	sə:m
same	seⁱm


seethe	siⁱθ
scythe	saⁱθ
soothe	su^uθ


soured	sâ^ə^rt
soared \| sword	so^ə^rt
sard	sα:^rt


siege	siⁱč
such	sə:č
sage	seⁱč


sing	siŋ
sung	sə:ŋ
sang	sα:ŋ


sink \| synch	siŋk
sunk	sə:ŋk
sank	sα:ŋk


than	δə:n
than	δα:n
then	δen


stone	sto^un
Stan	stα:n
stain	steⁱn


toast	to^ust
taste	teⁱst
test	test


tired	ta^ə^rt
toured	tu^ə^rt
towered	tâ^ə^rt


deep	diⁱp
dip	dip
dope	do^up


shim	šim
shawm	šo^əm
shame	šeⁱm


Gib \| jib	ğip
gibe \| jibe	ğaⁱp
job	ğop


scheme	skiⁱm
scum	skə:m
scam	skα:m


squeal	skwiⁱl
squill	skwil
squall	skwo^əl


geek	giⁱk
gook	gu^uk
gawk	go^ək


highest	ha^əst
host	ho^ust
haste	heⁱst


heard \| herd \| hurt	hə:^rt
hoard	ho^ə^rt
hard \| hart \| heart	hα:^rt


hitch	hič
hatch	hα:č
hedge	heč


rear	ri^ə^r
Ruhr	ru^ə^r
roar	ro^ə^r
rare	re^ə^r


free	friⁱ
fry	fraⁱ
fro	fro^u
fray	freⁱ


spree	spriⁱ
spry	spraⁱ
sprue	spru^u
spray	spreⁱ


stria	stra^ə
strew	stru^u
straw	stro^ə
stray	streⁱ


dry	draⁱ
drew	dru^u
draw	dro^ə
dray \| drey	dreⁱ


cry	kraⁱ
crew	kru^u
crow	kro^u
craw	kro^ə


leer	li^ə^r
liar \| lyre	la^ə^r
lore	lo^ə^r
lair	le^ə^r


flier	fla^ə^r
flour \| flower	flâ^ə^r
floor	flo^ə^r
flair \| flare	fle^ə^r


plea	pliⁱ
ply	plaⁱ
plough \| plow	plâ^u
play	pleⁱ


ski	skiⁱ
sky	skaⁱ
scow	skâ^u
ska	skα:


scour	skâ^ə^r
score	sko^ə^r
scar	skα:^r
scare	ske^ə^r


cheer	či^ə^r
chore	čo^ə^r
char	čα:^r
chair	če^ə^r


I'm	a^əm
am	α:m
aim	eⁱm
M	em


if	if
of	o^uf
off	of
F	ef


east	iⁱst
iced	aⁱst
oust	â^ust
oast	o^ust


weald \| wield	wiⁱlt
wild	waⁱlt
wold	wo^ult
weld	welt


quit	kwit
quite	kwaⁱt
quiet	kwa^ət
quote	kwo^ut


milled	milt
mild	maⁱlt
mold \| mould	mo^ult
mailed	meⁱlt


myth	miθ
mouth	mâ^uθ
moth	moθ
math	mα:θ


feared	fi^ə^rt
fired	fa^ə^rt
ford \| fort	fo^ə^rt
fart	fα:^rt


beam	biⁱm
boom	bu^um
bum	bə:m
bomb	bom


booth	bu^uθ
both	bo^uθ
bath	bα:θ
bathe	beⁱθ


beard	bi^ə^rt
bird	bə:^rt
board \| bored	bo^ə^rt
bard \| barred	bα:^rt


build	biⁱlt
billed	bilt
bold \| bowled	bo^ult
bald \| balled \| bawled	bo^əlt


cream	kriⁱm
crime	kraⁱm
crumb	krə:m
cram	krα:m


grim	grim
grime	graⁱm
groom	gru^um
gram	grα:m


grief \| grieve	griⁱf
groove	gru^uf
grove	gro^uf
grave	greⁱf


drip	drip
droop	dru^up
drop	drop
drape	dreⁱp


drill	dril
drool	dru^ul
droll	dro^ul
drawl	dro^əl


green	griⁱn
grin	grin
groan \| grown	gro^un
grain	greⁱn


freeze \| frieze	friⁱs
frizz	fris
froze	fro^us
phrase	freⁱs


ring \| wring	riŋ
rung \| wrung	rə:ŋ
wrong	roŋ
rang	rα:ŋ


brick	brik
brook	bruk
broke	bro^uk
brake \| break	breⁱk


trick	trik
truck	trə:k
track	trα:k
trek	trek


streak	striⁱk
strike	straⁱk
struck	strə:k
stroke	stro^uk


slim	slim
slime	slaⁱm
slum	slə:m
slam	slα:m


gleam	gliⁱm
gloom	glu^um
glum	glə:m
glam	glα:m


loped	lo^upt
lopped	lopt
lapped	lα:pt
leapt	lept


blind	blaⁱnt
blonde	blont
bland	blα:nt
blend	blent


cleat	kliⁱt
clit	klit
cloud \| clout	klâ^ut
clot	klot


bleed	bliⁱd
blood	blə:d
blade	bleⁱd
bled	bled


leach \| leech	liⁱč
lodge	loč
latch	lα:č
lech \| ledge	leč


nip	nip
nope	no^up
nap	nα:p
nape	neⁱp


sweep	swiⁱp
swipe	swaⁱp
swoop	swu^up
swap	swα:p


swine	swaⁱn
swoon	swu^un
swan	swon
swain	sweⁱn


seas \| sees \| seize	siⁱs
size	saⁱs
souse	sâ^us
sauce	so^əs


these	δiⁱs
this	δis
thus	δə:s
those	δo^us


tiled	taⁱlt
tooled	tu^ult
told	to^ult
tailed	teⁱlt


tweet	twiⁱt
twit	twit
twite	twaⁱt
twat	twα:t


sheep	šiⁱp
ship	šip
shop	šop
shape	šeⁱp


she'll	šiⁱl
shoal	šo^ul
shawl	šo^əl
shell	šel


chief	čiⁱf
chough	čə:f
chaff	čα:f
chafe	čeⁱf


cheap \| cheep	čiⁱp
chip	čip
chop	čop
chap	čα:p


cheese	čiⁱs
choose	ču^us
chose	čo^us
chess	čes


skip	skip
scoop	sku^up
scope	sko^up
skep	skep


cunt	kə:nt
count	kâ^unt
cant \| can't	kα:nt
Kent	kent


skin	skin
scone	skon
scan	skα:n
skein	skeⁱn


kitsch	kič
couch	kâ^uč
coach	ko^uč
catch	kα:č


goop	gu^up
gawp	go^əp
gap	gα:p
gape	geⁱp


gust	gə:st
ghost	go^ust
gassed	gα:st
guessed \| guest	gest


heave	hiⁱf
hive	haⁱf
hove	ho^uf
have	hα:f


me	miⁱ
my	maⁱ
moo	mu^u
mo' \| mow	mo^u
May \| may	meⁱ


mere	mi^ə^r
mire	ma^ə^r
Moor \| moor	mu^ə^r
more	mo^ə^r
mare \| mayor	me^ə^r


fee	fiⁱ
fie	faⁱ
foe	fo^u
faugh	fo^ə
fay \| fey	feⁱ


pre-	priⁱ
pry	praⁱ
prow	prâ^u
pro	pro^u
pray \| prey	preⁱ


brew	bru^u
brow	brâ^u
bro	bro^u
bra	brα:
bray	breⁱ


tree	triⁱ
try	traⁱ
true	tru^u
trow	trâ^u
tray	treⁱ


steer \| stere	sti^ə^r
stir	stə:^r
store	sto^ə^r
star	stα:^r
stare \| stair	ste^ə^r


sear \| seer	si^ə^r
sire	sa^ə^r
sir	sə:^r
sour	sâ^ə^r
soar \| sore	so^ə^r


T \| tea \| tee \| ti	tiⁱ
Thai \| tie	taⁱ
too \| two	tu^u
toe \| tow	to^u
tau	to^ə


dear \| deer	di^ə^r
dire \| dyer	da^ə^r
dour	du^ə^r
door	do^ə^r
dare	de^ə^r


cur	kə:^r
cower	kâ^ə^r
core \| corps	ko^ə^r
car	kα:^r
care	ke^ə^r


ghee	giⁱ
guy	gaⁱ
goo	gu^u
go	go^u
gay	geⁱ


hear \| here	hi^ə^r
higher \| hire	ha^ə^r
her	hə:^r
whore	ho^ə^r
hair \| hare	he^ə^r


weir \| we're	wi^ə^r
wire	wa^ə^r
whirr	wə:^r
war \| wore	wo^ə^r
ware \| wear \| were \| where	we^ə^r


G \| gee	ğiⁱ
Jew	ğu^u
Joe	ğo^u
jaw	ğo^ə
J \| jay	ğeⁱ


in \| inn	in
own	o^un
on	on
awn	o^ən
N	en


each	iⁱč
itch	ič
ouch	â^uč
H	eⁱč
etch	eč


weave	wiⁱf
wife	waⁱf
woof	wuf
wove	wo^uf
waif \| wave	weⁱf


missed \| mist	mist
must \| musth	mə:st
most	mo^ust
massed \| mast	mα:st
messed	mest


feast	fiⁱst
fist	fist
feist	faⁱst
Faust	fâ^ust
fast	fα:st


speak	spiⁱk
spike	spaⁱk
spook	spu^uk
spoke	spo^uk
spec \| speck	spek


bind	baⁱnt
bound	bâ^unt
bond	bont
band \| banned	bα:nt
bend	bent


bias	ba^əs
bus	bə:s
boss	bos
bass	bα:s
base \| bass	beⁱs


trip	trip
tripe	traⁱp
troop \| troupe	tru^up
trope	tro^up
trap	trα:p


creep	kriⁱp
croup	kru^up
crop	krop
crap	krα:p
crêpe	kreⁱp


rice \| rise	raⁱs
ruse	ru^us
rouse	râ^us
rose \| rows	ro^us
race \| raise	reⁱs


crease	kriⁱs
Chris	kris
cross	kros
crass	krα:s
cress	kres


grease \| Greece	griⁱs
grouse	grâ^us
gross	gros
grass	grα:s
grace	greⁱs


pride \| pried	praⁱt
prude	pru^ut
proud	prâ^ut
prod	prot
prayed \| preyed	preⁱt


creed	kriⁱt
crude	kru^ut
crud	krə:t
crowd	krâ^ut
cred	kret


lift	lift
loafed	lo^uft
loft	loft
laughed	lα:ft
left	left


clean	kliⁱn
cline	klaⁱn
clown	klâ^un
clone	klo^un
clan	klα:n


Nick \| nick	nik
nook	nuk
knock	nok
knack	nα:k
neck	nek


dice	daⁱs
doz.	də:s
douse \| dowse	dâ^us
dose \| doze	do^us
doss	dos


Dick \| dick \| dig	dik
dyke	daⁱk
duck	də:k
dock \| dog	dok
deck	dek


sheared	ši^ə^rt
shirred \| shirt	šə:^rt
showered	šâ^ə^rt
shored \| short	šo^ə^rt
shared	še^ə^rt


skill	skil
school	sku^ul
scull \| skull	skə:l
scowl	skâ^ul
scale	skeⁱl


curd \| Kurd \| curt \| Kurt	kə:^rt
coward \| cowered	kâ^ə^rt
chord \| cord \| court	ko^ə^rt
card \| cart	kα:^rt
cared	ke^ə^rt


geese	giⁱs
goose	gu^us
gauss	gâ^us
gas	gα:s
guess	ges


fear	fi^ə^r
fire	fa^ə^r
fir \| fur	fə:^r


for \| fore \| four	fo^ə^r
far	fα:^r
fair \| fare	fe^ə^r


P \| pea \| pee	piⁱ
pie	paⁱ
poo \| pooh	pu^u


pow	pâ^u
Po \| po	po^u
paw	po^ə


flea \| flee	fliⁱ
fly	flaⁱ
flew \| flue \| flu	flu^u


floe \| flow	flo^u
flaw	flo^ə
flay	fleⁱ


sly	slaⁱ
slew	slu^u
slough	slâ^u


sloe \| slow	slo^u
slaw	slo^ə
slay \| sleigh	sleⁱ


the \| thee	δiⁱ
thy	δaⁱ
the	δə:


thou	δâ^u
though	δo^u
they	δeⁱ


D	diⁱ
die \| dye	daⁱ
do	du^u


Dow	dâ^u
doe \| dough \| doh	do^u
day	deⁱ


key \| quay	kiⁱ
chi	kaⁱ
coo \| coup	ku^u


cow	kâ^u
caw	ko^ə
K \| cay	keⁱ


ear	i^ə^r
er \| err	ə:^r
our \| hour	â^ə^r


oar \| or \| ore	o^ə^r
R \| are	α:^r
air \| ere \| heir	e^ə^r


we \| wee \| whee	wiⁱ
Y \| why	waⁱ
woo	wu^u


wow	wâ^u
whoa \| woah \| woe	wo^u
way \| weigh \| whey	weⁱ


she	šiⁱ
Shea \| shea	ši^ə
shy	šaⁱ


shoe \| shoo	šu^u
show	šo^u
Shaw	šo^ə


eel	iⁱl
ill	il
aisle \| I'll \| isle	aⁱl


all \| awl	o^əl
ail \| ale	eⁱl
el \| L	el


ears	i^ə^rs
errs	ə:^rs
ours \| hours	â^ə^rs


oars	o^ə^rs
R's	α:^rs
airs \| heirs	e^ə^rs


weep	wiⁱp
whip	wip
wipe	waⁱp


whoop	wu^up
whup	wə:p
whop	wop


fin	fin
fine	faⁱn
fun	fə:n


faun \| fawn	fo^ən
feign	feⁱn
fen	fen


veal	viⁱl
vile	vaⁱl
vial \| viol	va^əl


vowel	vâ^əl
vole	vo^ul
vale \| veil	veⁱl


peace \| piece	piⁱs
piss	pis
pious	pa^əs


pus	pə:s
pass	pα:s
pace	peⁱs


piste	piⁱst
pissed	pist
post	po^ust


passed \| past	pα:st
paste	peⁱst
pest	pest


peered	pi^ə^rt
purred \| pert	pə:^rt
powered	pâ^ə^rt


poured \| port	po^ə^rt
part	pα:^rt
paired \| pared	pe^ə^rt


peach	piⁱč
pitch	pič
putsch	puč


pouch	pâ^uč
poach	po^uč
patch	pα:č


beach \| beech	biⁱč
bitch	bič
Butch	bə:č


botch	boč
batch	bα:č
beige	beⁱč


grip	grip
gripe	graⁱp
group	gru^up


grope	gro^up
grab	grα:p
grape	greⁱp


trill	tril
trial	tra^əl
trowel	trâ^əl


troll	tro^ul
troll	trol
trail	treⁱl


grinned	grint
grind	graⁱnt
ground	grâ^unt


groaned	gro^unt
grand	grα:nt
grained	greⁱnt


wrist	rist
roost	ru^ust
rust	rə:st


roust	râ^ust
roast	ro^ust
rest \| wrest	rest


treat	triⁱt
trite	traⁱt
trout	trâ^ut


trod \| trot	trot
trade \| trait	treⁱt
tread	tret


greed \| greet	griⁱt
grid \| grit	grit
grout	grâ^ut


grot	grot
grad	grα:t
grade \| grate \| great	greⁱt


reach	riⁱč
ridge \| rich	rič
rouge	ru^uč


roach	ro^uč
rage	reⁱč
retch \| wretch	reč


creak \| creek	kriⁱk
crick	krik
crook	kruk


croak	kro^uk
crock	krok
crack	krα:k


limb	lim
lime	laⁱm
loom	lu^um


loam	lo^um
lam \| lamb	lα:m
lame	leⁱm


leaf \| leave	liⁱf
live	lif
life	laⁱf


love \| luff	lə:f
loaf	lo^uf
lav \| laugh	lα:f


leap	liⁱp
lip	lip
loop	lu^up


lope	lo^up
lop	lop
lap \| Lapp	lα:p


sleep	sliⁱp
slip	slip
sloop	slu^up


slope	slo^up
slop	slop
slap	slα:p


least	liⁱst
list	list
lust	lə:st


lost	lost
last	lα:st
lest	lest


flick	flik
fluke	flu^uk
flock	flok


flak	flα:k
flake	fleⁱk
fleck	flek


clique	kliⁱk
click	klik
cluck	klə:k


cloak	klo^uk
clock	klok
claque	klα:k


nine	naⁱn
noon	nu^un
none \| nun	nə:n


noun	nâ^un
known	no^un
nan	nα:n


sneak	sniⁱk
snick	snik
snook	snuk


snuck	snə:k
snack	snα:k
snake	sneⁱk


seep	siⁱp
sip	sip
soup	su^up


soap	so^up
sop	sop
sap	sα:p


seal	siⁱl
sill	sil
sole \| soul	so^ul


Saul	so^əl
sail \| sale	seⁱl
cell \| sell	sel


team \| teem	tiⁱm
Tim	tim
time \| thyme	taⁱm


tomb	tu^um
Tom	tom
tame	teⁱm


steed	stiⁱt
stood	stut
stud	stə:t


stout	stâ^ut
staid \| state \| stayed	steⁱt
stead	stet


chic	šiⁱk
shook	šuk
shuck	šə:k


shock	šok
shake \| sheik	šeⁱk
sech	šek


gill \| Jill	ğil
joule	ğu^ul
jewel	ğu^əl


jowl	ğâ^ul
jail \| gaol	ğeⁱl
gel	ğel


skit	skit
scoot	sku^ut
scout	skâ^ut


Scot	skot
scat	skα:t
skate	skeⁱt


kick	kik
cook	kuk
coke	ko^uk


cock	kok
calk \| caulk	ko^ək
cake	keⁱk


ghoul	gu^ul
gull	gə:l
goal	go^ul


gall \| Gaul	go^əl
gal	gα:l
Gail \| gale	geⁱl


gean	giⁱn
goon	gu^un
gun	gə:n


gown	gâ^un
gone	go^ən
gain	geⁱn


hint	hint
hind	haⁱnt
hunt	hə:nt


hound	hâ^unt
haunt	ho^ənt
hand	hα:nt


his \| hiss	his
whose	hu^us
house	hâ^us


hose	ho^us
hawse	ho^əs
haze	heⁱs


peer \| pier	pi^ə^r
pyre	pa^ə^r
purr	pə:^r
power	pâ^ə^r


poor \| pour	po^ə^r
par	pα:^r
pear \| pair \| pare	pe^ə^r


spear	spi^ə^r
spire	spa^ə^r
spoor	spu^ə^r
spur	spə:^r


spore	spo^ə^r
spar	spα:^r
spare	spe^ə^r


B \| be \| bee	biⁱ
bi \| buy \| by \| bye	baⁱ
boo	bu^u
bough \| bow	bâ^u


Beau \| beau \| bow	bo^u
bah	bα:
bay \| bey	beⁱ


lea \| lee	liⁱ
lie \| lye	laⁱ
Lew \| lieu \| loo	lu^u
lo \| low	lo^u


law	lo^ə
la	lα:
lay	leⁱ


knee	niⁱ
nigh	naⁱ
gnu \| knew \| new	nu^u
now	nâ^u


know \| no	no^u
gnaw	no^ə
nay \| née \| neigh	neⁱ


C \| sea \| see	siⁱ
sigh	saⁱ
Sue \| sue	su^u
sough \| sow	sâ^u


sew \| so \| sow	so^u
saw	so^ə
say	seⁱ


tear \| tier	ti^ə^r
tire \| tyre	ta^ə^r
tour	tu^ə^r
tower	tâ^ə^r


tor \| tore	to^ə^r
tar	tα:^r
tear	te^ə^r


shear \| sheer	ši^ə^r
shire	ša^ə^r
sure	šu^ə^r
shirr	šə:^r


shower	šâ^ə^r
shore	šo^ə^r
share	še^ə^r


is	is
ice	aⁱs
us	ə:s
os	os


ass	α:s
ace	eⁱs
S	es


weal \| we'll \| wheel	wiⁱl
will	wil
while	waⁱl
wool	wul


wall	wo^əl
wail \| whale	weⁱl
well	wel


wean	wiⁱn
whin \| win	win
whine \| wine	waⁱn
one \| won	wə:n


wan	won
wane	weⁱn
when	wen


wind	wint
whined \| wind	waⁱnt
wound	wu^unt
wound	wâ^unt


won't \| wont	wo^unt
wand \| want	wont
wend \| went	went


weak \| week	wiⁱk
wick \| wig	wik
woke	wo^uk
wok	wok


walk	wo^ək
whack	wα:k
wake	weⁱk


meal	miⁱl
mill	mil
mile	maⁱl
mull	mə:l


mole	mo^ul
mall \| maul	mo^əl
mail \| male	meⁱl


mean \| mien	miⁱn
mine	maⁱn
moon	mu^un
moan	mo^un


man	mα:n
main \| mane	meⁱn
men	men


meek	miⁱk
Mick	mik
mic \| Mike	maⁱk
muck	mə:k


mock	mok
mac	mα:k
make	meⁱk


fiend	fiⁱnt
fined \| find	faⁱnt
fund	fə:nt
found	fâ^unt


fond	font
feigned	feⁱnt
fend	fent


spin	spin
spine	spaⁱn
spoon	spu^un
spun	spə:n


spawn	spo^ən
span	spα:n
Spain	speⁱn


beast	biⁱst
biased	ba^əst
boost	bu^ust
bust	bə:st


boast	bo^ust
based	beⁱst
best	best


ream \| rheme	riⁱm
rim	rim
rhyme	raⁱm
rheum	ru^um


room	rum
roam \| Rome	ro^um
ram	rα:m


reap	riⁱp
rip	rip
ripe	raⁱp
rope	ro^up


rap \| wrap	rα:p
rape	reⁱp
rep	rep


real \| reel	riⁱl
rill	ril
rile	raⁱl
rule	ru^ul


rowel	râ^əl
role \| roll	ro^ul
rail	reⁱl


Rhine	raⁱn
run	rə:n
rowan	râ^ən
roan \| Rhône	ro^un


ran	rα:n
rain \| reign \| rein	reⁱn
wren	ren


freed	friⁱt
frit	frit
fried \| fright	fraⁱt
fruit	fru^ut


fraud \| fraught	fro^ət
freight	freⁱt
fret	fret


plead \| pleat	pliⁱt
plight	plaⁱt
ploughed \| plowed	plâ^ut
plod \| plot	plot


plaid \| plait	plα:t
plade \| plate	pleⁱt
pled	plet


kneel \| Neil	niⁱl
nil	nil
Nile	naⁱl
null	nə:l


knoll	no^ul
nail	neⁱl
knell	nel


steep	stiⁱp
stipe	staⁱp
stoop	stu^up
stub	stə:p


stop	stop
stab	stα:p
step \| steppe	step


tip	tip
type	taⁱp
tup	tə:p
taupe \| tope	to^up


top	top
tap	tα:p
tape	teⁱp


steal \| steel	stiⁱl
still	stil
stile \| style	staⁱl
stool	stu^ul


stole	sto^ul
stall	sto^əl
stale	steⁱl


deal	diⁱl
dial	da^əl
dull	də:l
dole	do^ul


doll	dol
dale	deⁱl
dell	del


cheek	čiⁱk
chick	čik
Chuck \| chuck	čə:k
choke	čo^uk


choc \| chock	čok
chalk	čo^ək
check \| cheque \| Czech	ček


Kim	kim
chyme	kaⁱm
coomb	ku^um
come \| cum	kə:m


comb	ko^um
calm	kα:m
came	keⁱm


keep	kiⁱp
coop	ku^up
cup	kə:p
cope	ko^up


cop	kop
cap	kα:p
cape	keⁱp


heme	hiⁱm
him \| hymn	him
whom	hu^um
hum	hə:m


home	ho^um
ham	hα:m
hem	hem


heap	hiⁱp
hip	hip
hype	haⁱp
hoop \| whoop	hu^up


hope	ho^up
hop	hop
hep	hep


beer	bi^ə^r
buyer \| byre	ba^ə^r
boor	bu^ə^r
bur \| burr	bə:^r


bower	bâ^ə^r
boar \| bore	bo^ə^r
bar	bα:^r
bare \| bear	be^ə^r


re	riⁱ
Rhea \| rhea	ri^ə
rye \| wry	raⁱ
roo \| rue	ru^u


row	râ^u
roe \| row	ro^u
raw	ro^ə
ray \| re	reⁱ


ye	jiⁱ
ewe \| U \| yew \| you	ju^u
yow	jâ^u
yo	jo^u


yaw	jo^ə
yah	jα:
yay \| yea	jeⁱ
yeah \| yeh	je^ə


peep	piⁱp
pip	pip
pipe	paⁱp
poop	pu^up


pub \| pup	pə:p
pope	po^up
pop	pop
pep	pep


peen	piⁱn
pin	pin
pine	paⁱn
pun	pə:n


pawn	po^ən
Pan \| pan	pα:n
pain \| pane	peⁱn
pen	pen


speed	spiⁱt
spit	spit
spite	spaⁱt
spout	spâ^ut


spot	spot
spat	spα:t
spade \| spate	speⁱt
sped	spet


peak \| peek \| peke \| pique	piⁱk
pick \| pig	pik
pike	paⁱk
puck	pə:k


poke	po^uk
pock	pok
pack	pα:k
peck	pek


bill	bil
bile	baⁱl
bull	bul
bowel	bâ^əl


bole \| boll \| bowl	bo^ul
ball \| bawl	bo^əl
bail \| bale	beⁱl
bell	bel


reef	riⁱf
riff	rif
rife	raⁱf
roof	ru^uf


rough \| ruff	rə:f
rove	ro^uf
rave	reⁱf
rev	ref


breed	briⁱt
bride \| bright	braⁱt
brood \| brute	bru^ut
broad	bro^ut


brought	bro^ət
Brad \| brad	brα:t
braid	breⁱt
bread \| bred	bret


lean	liⁱn
lien	li^ən
line	laⁱn
lion	la^ən


loon	lu^un
loan \| lone	lo^un
lawn	lo^ən
lain \| lane	leⁱn


lease	liⁱs
lice	laⁱs
loose	lu^us
louse	lâ^us


loss	los
lass	lα:s
lace	leⁱs
less	les


teen	tiⁱn
tin	tin
tune	tu^un
ton \| tun	tə:n


town	tâ^un
tone	to^un
tan	tα:n
ten	ten


stick	stik
stook	stu^uk
stuck	stə:k
stoke	sto^uk


stock	stok
stalk	sto^ək
stack	stα:k
stake \| steak	steⁱk


deem	diⁱm
dim	dim
dime	daⁱm
doom	du^um


dumb	də:m
dome	do^um
dam \| damn	dα:m
Dame	deⁱm


sheen	šiⁱn
shin	šin
shine	šaⁱn
shun	šə:n


Shaun	šâ^un
shown	šo^un
shone	šon
Sean	šo^ən


gene \| Jean	ğiⁱn
gin	ğin
Jain	ğaⁱn
June	ğu^un


Joan	ğo^un
John	ğon
Jane	ğeⁱn
gen	ğen


keen	kiⁱn
kin	kin
coon	ku^un
cone	ko^un


con	kon
can	kα:n
cane	keⁱn
ken	ken


hic	hik
hike	haⁱk
hook	huk
hoke	ho^uk


hock	hok
hawk	ho^ək
hack	hα:k
heck	hek


he	hiⁱ
hi \| hie \| high	haⁱ
who	hu^u
huh	hə:
how	hâ^u


ho \| hoe \| how	ho^u
haw	ho^ə
ha	hα:
hay \| heigh \| hey	heⁱ


E	iⁱ
I \| aye \| eye	aⁱ
ooh	u^u
a	ə:
ow	â^u


O \| oh \| owe	o^u
awe	o^ə
aah \| ah	α:
A \| a \| eh	eⁱ


weed \| we'd \| wheat	wiⁱt
whit \| wit	wit
white \| wide	waⁱt
wood \| would	wut
wowed	wâ^ut


woad	wo^ut
wad \| what	wot
wade \| wait \| weight	weⁱt
wed \| wet \| whet	wet


field	fiⁱlt
filled	filt
filed	faⁱlt
fooled	fu^ult
fouled	fâ^ult


fold	fo^ult
fault	fo^əlt
failed	feⁱlt
felled \| felt	felt


feat \| feed \| feet	fiⁱt
fit	fit
fight	faⁱt
food \| foot	fut
phut	fə:t


fought	fo^ət
fad \| fat	fα:t
fade \| fate \| fête	feⁱt
fed	fet


peal \| peel	piⁱl
pill	pil
pile	paⁱl
pool	pu^ul
pull	pul


Pole \| pole \| poll	po^ul
pall \| Paul	po^əl
pal	pα:l
pail \| pale	peⁱl


peat \| peed	piⁱt
pit	pit
put	put
putt	pə:t
pout	pâ^ut


pod \| pot	pot
pad \| Pat \| pat	pα:t
paid	peⁱt
pet	pet


bean \| been	biⁱn
bin	bin
boon	bu^un
bun	bə:n
bone	bo^un


Bonn	bon
ban	bα:n
bane	beⁱn
Ben	ben


reek \| wreak	riⁱk
rick \| rig	rik
rook	ruk
ruck \| rug	rə:k
rogue	ro^uk


rock	rok
rack \| rag	rα:k
rake	reⁱk
wreck	rek


scene \| seen	siⁱn
sin	sin
sign \| sine	saⁱn
scion	sa^ən
soon	su^un


son \| sun	sə:n
sewn \| sown	so^un
sawn	so^ən
sane \| Seine	seⁱn


seek	siⁱk
sic \| sick	sik
souk	su^uk
suck	sə:k
soak	so^uk


sock	sok
sack	sα:k
sake	seⁱk
sec	sek


teal	tiⁱl
till	til
tile	taⁱl
tool	tu^ul
towel	tâ^əl


toll	to^ul
tall	to^əl
tail \| tale	teⁱl
tell	tel


teak	tiⁱk
tic \| tick	tik
took	tuk
tuck	tə:k
toque	to^uk


talk	to^ək
tack	tα:k
take	teⁱk
tech	tek


dean	diⁱn
din	din
dine \| dyne	daⁱn
done	də:n
down	dâ^un


don	don
dawn	do^ən
Dane \| deign	deⁱn
den	den


heal \| heel \| he'll	hiⁱl
hill	hil
hull	hə:l
howl	hâ^ul
hole \| whole	ho^ul


hall \| haul	ho^əl
Hal	hα:l
hail \| hale	heⁱl
hell	hel


miss	mis
mice	maⁱs
moose \| moos	mu^us
muss	mə:s
mouse	mâ^us


mows	mo^us
moss	mos
mass	mα:s
maize \| maze	meⁱs
mess	mes


meat \| meet	miⁱt
mid- \| Mitt \| mitt	mit
might \| mite	maⁱt
mood \| moot	mu^ut
mud \| mutt	mə:t


moat \| mode \| mote	mo^ut
mod	mot
mad \| mat \| Matt	mα:t
made \| maid \| mate	meⁱt
met	met


feel	fiⁱl
fill	fil
file	faⁱl
fool	fu^ul
full	ful


foul \| fowl	fâ^ul
foal	fo^ul
fall	fo^əl
fail	feⁱl
fell	fel


league \| leak \| leek	liⁱk
lick \| lig	lik
like	laⁱk
Luke	lu^uk
look	luk


luck \| lug	lə:k
lock \| log	lok
lack \| lag	lα:k
lake	leⁱk
leg	lek


keel	kiⁱl
kill	kil
chyle	kaⁱl
cool	ku^ul
cull	kə:l


cowl	kâ^ul
coal \| kohl	ko^ul
col	kol
call \| caul	ko^əl
kail \| kale	keⁱl


kid \| kit	kit
kite	kaⁱt
cooed \| coot	ku^ut
could	kut
cud \| cut	kə:t


code \| coat	ko^ut
cod	kot
caught	ko^ət
cad \| cat	kα:t
cade \| Cate	keⁱt


git	git
guide	gaⁱt
good	gut
gut	gə:t
gout	gâ^ut


goad \| goat	go^ut
god \| got	got
gad \| gat	gα:t
gait \| gate	geⁱt
get	get


eat	iⁱt
it	it
I'd	aⁱt
I'd \| ide	a^ət


out	â^ut
oat \| ode	o^ut
odd	ot
aught \| ought	o^ət


at \| ad \| add	α:t
ate \| eight \| aid \| aide	eⁱt
Ed	et


beak	biⁱk
big	bik
bike	baⁱk
book	buk


buck \| bug	bə:k
bogue	bo^uk
bock \| bog	bok
balk	bo^ək


back \| bag	bα:k
bake	beⁱk
beck \| beg	bek


lead \| leet	liⁱt
lid \| lit	lit
lied \| light \| lite \| lyed	laⁱt
lewd \| loot \| lute	lu^ut


loud \| lout	lâ^ut
load \| lode	lo^ut
lot	lot
laud	lo^ət


lad	lα:t
laid \| late	leⁱt
lead \| led \| let	let


fleet	fliⁱt
flit	flit
flight	flaⁱt
flute	flu^ut


flood	flə:t
flout	flâ^ut
float \| flowed	flo^ut
flawed	flo^ət


flat	flα:t
flayed	fleⁱt
fled	flet


knead \| neat \| need	niⁱt
knit \| nit	nit
knight \| night	naⁱt
nude	nu^ut


nut	nə:t
knout	nâ^ut
node \| note	no^ut
knot \| nod \| not	not


naught \| nought	no^ət
gnat	nα:t
ned \| net	net


cede \| seat \| seed	siⁱt
sit	sit
cite \| side \| sighed \| sight \| site	saⁱt
sued \| suit	su^ut


soot	sut
sewed \| sowed	so^ut
sod \| sot	sot
sawed \| sought	so^ət


sad \| sat	sα:t
sate	seⁱt
said \| set	set


teat \| teed	tiⁱt
tit	tit
tide \| tied \| tight	taⁱt
toot	tu^ut


tut	tə:t
tout	tâ^ut
toad \| toed \| tote \| towed	to^ut
tod \| tot	tot


taught \| taut	to^ət
tat	tα:t
Ted	tet


she'd \| sheet	šiⁱt
shit	šit
shied \| shite	šaⁱt
chute \| shoot	šu^ut


should	šut
shut	šə:t
shout	šâ^ut
shod \| shot	šot


shat	šα:t
shade	šeⁱt
shed	šet


heed \| he'd \| heat	hiⁱt
hid \| hit	hit
hide \| height	haⁱt
who'd \| hoot	hu^ut


hood	hut
hut	hə:t
hoed	ho^ut
hod \| hot	hot


had \| hat	hα:t
hade \| hate	heⁱt
head \| het	het


bead \| beat \| beet	biⁱt
bid \| bit	bit
bide \| bight \| bite \| byte	baⁱt
booed \| boot	bu^ut


bud \| but \| butt	bə:t
bowed \| bout	bâ^ut
bode \| boat	bo^ut
bod \| bot	bot


baud \| bawd \| bought	bo^ət
bad \| bade \| bat	bα:t
bade \| bait \| bayed	beⁱt
bed \| bet	bet


deed	diⁱt
did	dit
died \| dyed	daⁱt
diet	da^ət


dude	du^ut
dud	də:t
doubt	dâ^ut
dote	do^ut


dot	dot
dad	dα:t
date	deⁱt
dead \| debt	det


read \| reed	riⁱt
rid \| writ	rit
ride \| right \| rite \| write	raⁱt
riot	ra^ət
rood \| root \| route \| rude	ru^ut


rudd \| rut	rə:t
rout \| rowed	râ^ut
road \| rode \| rote \| rowed \| wrote	ro^ut
rod \| rot	rot
wrought	ro^ət


rat	rα:t
raid \| rate	reⁱt
read \| red	ret

Phonology of English

The vowels of English

Vowels oppose with consonants by the opposite movement of the mouth: when it closes, we have consonants and when it opens, we have vowels:

Vowels	back			indeterminate	front
Vowels	centrifugal	without any course	centripetal	indeterminate	centripetal	without any course	centrifugal
high aperture	â^u		â^ə	α:	a^ə		aⁱ
medium aperture	o^u	o	o^ə	ə:	e^ə	e	eⁱ
small aperture	u^u	u	u^ə	ə:	i^ə	i	iⁱ

From Nicolas S. Troubetzkoy's Principes de phonologie pages 127-130.